Did Jupiter’s Moons Start With the Ingredients for Life?

New research suggests that Jupiter’s largest moons—Europa, Ganymede, Callisto, and Io—formed with key prebiotic ingredients already in place.

Advanced models show complex organic molecules emerging in the early solar system and becoming embedded in these moons during formation.

The findings reshape how we interpret their chemistry and guide future missions exploring habitability in the Jovian system.

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